Taking Turns
Taking Turns
Taking Turns
My friend goes first,
…………..walks half a dozen steps or more.
……………………….I watch and wait, take my time,
……………………………………enter as she makes the first turn,
……………………….curves back around. Curves are wide.
…………..Turns are tight. The cobble stones,
once burnt red and sky gray,
have aged and weathered
…………..closer to the color of dust.
……………………….Hard to tell apart,
……………………………………I must watch each step, or risk
……………………….veering into her lane.
…………..Head lowered, I study stones,
anticipate her course.
An oddly intimate act,
…………..sharing this planned garden
……………………….of mindful meandering,
……………………………………a convoluted path to center.
……………………….I want to time it so
…………..she has her moment,
unspools when she is ready,
not because I intrude.
…………..Moss like emeralds
……………………….burbles between the stones,
……………………………………light through tree leaves
……………………….marbles the way. Here is a weed,
…………..a tuft of grass. My friend and I
are separate, yet together,
winding and unwinding,
…………..following our course,
……………………….giving each other space,
……………………………………casting shadows, crossing paths.
……………………….A peace, like flute notes
…………..filtering through tall grass,
finds us where we began.

About Ann Farley
Ann Farley, caregiver and poet, is happiest outside, preferably at the beach. Her poems have appeared in several literary journals, including VoiceCatcher, Verseweavers, and RAIN Magazine. She lives in Beaverton, OR.
In the Garden
In the Garden
1.
And looking up from the book’s page
I am startled by a flurry of black wings
settling over ageratum blossoms
standing numbly in the sun
there is a breeze…..and the crash and roar of metal
the construction site rising up behind
like some crude nest
its white noise hum background for the trills
and chirps of city birds….,this garden
of yellows and pinks
carved out among buildings and concrete walkways
2.
And after the rain the grackles and sparrows
gather at puddles just deep enough
for bird foot wading
dipping heads, fluttering wings, fast, fast
into the water; dipping in, splashing like children
enjoying a dunk in the pool
one after the other they enter, splash, fly off
wings heavy with wet and glisten
even the jealous, guarded, wood thrush
who comes after all the rest
3.
And there on a bench, sleeping off
his all-night prowling, a man sprawls among newspapers
some extra clothes…..plastic bags…..a mismatched
pair of shoes…..his own crude nest protecting him
Asleep under the trees, the homeless ones —
what do they dream about, these spring afternoons?
do their limbs, like the trees, remember winter’s hard frost
or, do they unclench in the sunlight…..and grow young again?
4.
And the breeze…..where does it carry them
do they dream they are birds flying through endless blue
or, is it hunger that fills them…..raw…..wanting
does the high-pitched fragrance of the flowering locust
incite strange landscapes filled with unwanted memories
disappointments…..uneasy grief
suddenly flashing into anger
turning restively, can they hear the voice in the garden?
And we…..awake
with a book in our hands, or pacing anxiously along
do we ?

About Michele Belluomini
Michele Belluomini’s poetry has appeared in many print and online journals as well as anthologies. A chapbook, Crazy Mary & Others was a winner in the Plan B Press competition. Signposts for Sleep Walkers is her most recent volume. She was one of the winners of the 12th Annual John and Rose Petracca & Family Award for her poem, “La Befana.” She is Adjunct Library Faculty at Community College of Philadelphia.
Mind Matters Most
Mind Matters Most
First in a series of essays by youth from Findhorn Community in Scotland, sharing insights for young people during COVID-19.
Photos by the Author
Among the many challenges arising as a result of the coronavirus is the impact of isolation on our mental wellbeing. Confinement, diminished social contact, and worries about the world present a multitude of internal stressors for many of us as we are forced to spend more time with ourselves, exposed to the tumultuous nature of our complicated minds.
For others, this period may also present itself as a blessing in disguise. Much of the outside stimulation that normally captivates us is taken away. With isolation comes a slowed-down pace of life, a simpler existence freed from the constant push and pull of our social commitments, desires, plans, and obligations.

Whether our experience of social distancing has positive or negative undertones, or perhaps a combination of the two, there is an opportunity to get to know our thoughts and become more aware of what’s happening inside our minds. We can use this time to our advantage, to begin understanding the various ways we are limited or debilitated by unhealthy mental habits.
Together, Buddhism and certain schools of psychology have a lot to offer in the quest to live in a healthier state of mind. They show that by gaining a better understanding of our thoughts and how they affect our emotions, we can start recognizing unhealthy patterns that lead to us being stuck in negative states of low self-esteem, anger, jealousy, worry, doubt, fear, and anxiety. By understanding the nature of our mind and how it generates negativity in our lives, we can move toward dwelling in a more peaceful state of loving acceptance.
We may not realize the extent to which our thoughts affect our feelings and influence our sense of wellbeing. Spending too much of our time in negative states of mind—spanning everyday worry, fixation, self-focus, ambivalence, agitation, and restless desire—we are chased throughout the day by our busy thoughts. We become a captive to the voice in our head that constantly judges, speculates, complains, compares, dislikes, and condemns. Most of our thinking is repetitive and often useless. Whether reliving recent or distant pasts or imagining or rehearsing possible futures, we spend most of our time caught up in the ceaseless meanderings of our unruly minds. Our addiction to ‘thinking’ gives us a false sense of pleasure.
The medical field has only touched the surface as far as documenting the benefits of meditation that traditions of the East have promoted for centuries. For instance, in Altered Traits, Goleman and Davidson explore cutting-edge research on meditation, examining how it has the capacity to transform our mind, body, and brain, leading to lasting positive change at the higher levels of practice. They discovered that our brain stays just as busy when we’re relaxed as when we’re under some form of mental strain. In other words, our minds’ ‘default mode’ switches on, even when we’re not doing anything particular that requires effort or focus. This default mode continually rescripts a storyline, in which each of us takes center stage, replaying the particularly upsetting or favorite parts over and over.
The default mode wanders mainly to things about ‘me’—my emotions, my thoughts, my relationships—especially the problems, worries, and anxieties. For this reason, when researchers at Harvard University asked thousands of people to report on their mood and mental focus at several random points throughout the day, they concluded that “a wandering mind is an unhappy mind.”
It is through these ruminations that we construct our sense of self, from the mosaic of our experiences, memories, plans, hopes, and dreams. We become the center of the universe as we know it, fully believing and accepting our subjective, self-created narrative.
By applying the right kind of awareness, or mindfulness, we can deconstruct the story that we are continuously creating. At first, this may not be too clear, but it simply starts with a conscious shift in our perception—the way we view ourselves and the world around us. Teachings from Buddhism can aid in unpacking the flaws in our thinking that lead to a skewed understanding of our reality.

Begin by simply becoming more aware of your thoughts, observe how the continuous chatter impacts your emotions—a constant stream, a bewilderingly rapid parade, unpredictably changing and tirelessly repeating the same stories. By stepping back and observing the volatility of your thoughts, you suddenly don’t need to take them all that seriously. The intention is to dis-identify from the mind, reducing the power given to thoughts, delegitimizing their control and pervasive presence by witnessing them as an objective observer.
Meditation plays a fundamental role in this process. It isn’t the only way, but it is a valuable tool to begin understanding, investigating, and transforming mental formations.
A general mindfulness practice begins with noticing our thoughts impartially, without judging or condemning whatever arises. In practice, it typically requires focusing on an object of meditation. This may vary from maintaining attention on the breath, observing the sensations in the body, or mentally repeating a mantra. Thoughts themselves can even be objects of concentration (bearing witness to the stream without getting swept away by the current). Whichever object you choose, the intention is the same: to repeatedly bring your mind back to the present. It doesn’t matter so much what you focus your attention on but rather that you recognize when a loss of focus occurs. There is a difference between thinking and awareness of thinking!
A common misconception is that the mind must be completely quiet, that if you don’t switch off the thoughts you are not meditating. This isn’t the case. You can’t force your mind to be still. With sustained attention the chatter will become quieter, receding into the background. Many factors influence our mental state, and some days this will be more difficult than others. The task is in learning how to observe without judgment or emotional reaction, no matter how still or busy your mind may be.
Start by sitting comfortably, closing your eyes, and observing how it feels to simply be. It’s important to remember to be kind, compassionate, and gentle. If the mind wanders, smilingly bring it back, understanding that it is the nature of the mind to wander. Acceptance is key, acceptance to whatever may arise. Just observe, just remain aware. Simply witness reality as it is, not as you would like it to be. If the mind is busy, the mind is busy. If the mind is still, the mind is still.
By dedicating the time to explore your mind, you will begin to see that much of life’s suffering is unnecessary, self-created, and avoidable. Understanding how your thoughts create reality is one of the most valuable insights you can attain. Through the wholesome cultivation of the mind, it is possible to transform reality and cultivate a more positive way of existing in this world.
Young people planting at Findhorn Community in Scotland

About Tara Pinheiro Gibsone
The challenges faced by humanity, whether external (systemic) or internal (mental), were the catalyst for Tara’s dedication to create positive change. A drive to address the inequalities in the world informed Tara’s studies, attaining a BA in Social Sciences and an MA in Human Rights.
John Fullerton on the Qualities of a Regenerative Economy
John Fullerton on the Qualities of a Regenerative Economy
From Voices of the ReGenerationVoices of the ReGeneration, a conversation between John Fullerton and Daniel Wahl about the qualities of a regenerative economy, February 2020.
On Capitalism
Daniel Christian Wahl | You have the founder of the World Economic Forum, as early as 2012/2013, saying capitalism is broken and needs redesigning. And you even get the IMF or the WTO saying it. And it’s not a taboo topic anymore to say something is fundamentally needing a shift, but then, of course, you get the camps: some people saying we can redesign capitalism, or rescue the world capital if we apply it in a more nuanced way. And others say, “No, no, no—capitalism is the problem.” Are we just getting stuck here with language?
John Fullerton | It’s funny—I think most people would guess that I’m deep in that conversation because I’m out of that world now. And the truth is, my phone doesn’t ring from the folks that are rethinking capitalism. I’m viewed as way too radical, and probably way too theoretical. And I’m frustrated by this. And I kind of roll my eyes when I see the great capitalists now talking about corporations needing a purpose. Well, what a brilliant idea… The business round table last summer came out with this new statement, “Hey, how about if corporations had a purpose?” And of course, that’s the same statement that the business round table had as its premise in 1982, when I started at JP Morgan. And it was only in the early nineties, I think, that the Milton Friedman school sort of took over and said the purpose is to maximize shareholder value!
So, we’re now right back to understanding what was the baseline in the early 1980s, which probably goes back 50 years before that. And there’s a lot of new energy around ESG (Environmental, Social, and Governance) and impact investing. With all due respect, these folks (most of them are guys) are very smart. They’re very competitive. They’re very successful. And because of that, in our culture, they have a very big megaphone. And so when they get up and say, “We need to reinvent capitalism,” everyone says, “Yeah, we need to reinvent capitalism!”
But they haven’t sat over there and read 100 books to think about this in a deeper way that you and I have. And so there’s a lot of well-meaning and good intention, but I think this gets back to this issue of not really getting your head around the fundamental profound disconnect. It just boils down to this: exponential growth on a finite planet—it won’t work.
How many people that work in business and finance actually understand what the Second Law of Thermodynamics says, and why it’s relevant to our economy? I would bet you, if you put a hundred CEOs in a room, and didn’t count people that worked in a business that requires a physics degree, half of them wouldn’t know what the Second Law of Thermodynamics is. And 95% of them wouldn’t be able to tell you why that’s relevant to economics and business.
Until people get their heads around that issue, we’re sort of moving deck chairs around. I do wish that my voice was in that conversation. I’d be lying if I said otherwise. But that conversation about the future of capitalism is pretty locked in. At best, it’s “We need to internalize externalities,” which is a reductionist way of putting the problem in the old paradigm. And that’s progress, so that’s good.
On Fullerton’s Eight Principles of Systemic Health

Daniel Christian Wahl | You honed in on eight principles. Could you sum them up briefly?
John Fullerton | I think the most important thing about my eight principles is really not my eight principles, but the idea of principles! The idea of principles is that there are patterns and principles of living systems, observed by the giants of living system science. It’s not like they’ve all agreed that there are these eight principles, but if you were to show them my eight principles or whatever eight principles you would come up with, there would be this broad consensus that, yes, these patterns and principles roughly describe our understanding of living systems.
So, the first thing that came to me was this need for principles. It’s a North Star, a roadmap. Maybe the word “qualities” is more accurate. Qualities doesn’t challenge people. It doesn’t have this meaning of, “I’m declaring what truth is.” It’s a less aggressive term.
But there certainly are qualities, like the fractal patterns of living systems and like the symbiotic relationships that are at work in living systems that will make anyone who’s studied them say, “Oh yeah, that’s right.” The real issue is to contextualize them for your purpose. And here’s where—as much as I’m a believer that there are universal principles—for some reason, those universal principles show up differently in different contexts.
As a friend of mine says—I think it comes from Buddhism—there are all sorts of fingers pointing at the moon. My eight principles are my fingers pointing at the moon, but we can’t confuse the fingers with the moon. And so what we’re really trying to do is reduce to as few as possible the patterns, principles, qualities—whatever word we want to choose—that allow us to see things through this regenerative lens.
I can spend an hour talking about each one of these eight principles because they all operate at many, many different levels. For example, one of them I use is called “in right relationship,” which is a Quaker term that I got from Peter Brown. He actually wrote a book called In Right Relationship. That relationship point operates at a planetary scale; the right relationship between planet Earth and the Sun is the reason why we have life on this earth. And so that’s a quality that is manifestly true. And yet it also operates certainly down to the micro-scale, the cellular level; the relationship between the cells in our body is essential to our health. And if that relationship is not symbiotic and healthy, we can’t be healthy. And if we’re living systems, and the planet is a living system, why wouldn’t the human economy also be a living system? And why wouldn’t that same quality of symbiotic relationships operate at the level of the human economy?
You can drill down on each of these principles individually, but the power of the principles is not each of them individually; the real power is in all the principles operating concurrently.
-
In Right Relationship — Humanity is an integral part of an interconnected web of life in which there is no real separation between “us” and “it.”
- Views Wealth Holistically — True wealth is not merely money in the bank. It must be defined and managed in terms of the wellbeing of the whole, achieved through the harmonization of multiple kinds of wealth or capital, including social, cultural, living, and experiential.
- Innovative, Adaptive, Responsive — In a world in which change is both ever-present and accelerating, the qualities of innovation and adaptability are critical to health.
- Empowered Participation — In an interdependent system, fitness comes from contributing in some way to the health of the whole. The quality of empowered participation means that all parts must be “in relationship” with the larger whole in ways that not only empower them to negotiate for their own needs but also enable them to add their unique contribution towards the health and well-being of the larger wholes in which they are embedded.
- Honors Community and Place — Each human community consists of a mosaic of peoples, traditions, beliefs, and institutions uniquely shaped by long-term pressures of geography, human history, culture, local environment, and changing human needs.
- Edge Effect Abundance — Creativity and abundance flourish synergistically at the “edges” of systems, where the bonds holding the dominant pattern in place are weakest.
- Robust Circulatory Flow — Just as human health depends on the robust circulation of oxygen, nutrients, etc., so too does economic health depend on robust circulatory flows of money, information, resources, and goods and services to support exchange, flush toxins, and nourish every cell at every level of our human networks.
-
Seeks Balance — Being in balance is more than just a nice way to be; it is actually essential to systemic health.
If we can align our economies and our businesses with all eight of these principles at all levels of their meaning, then we unlock immense potential that exists that we can’t see today. Exponential growth on a finite planet has ended; it no longer works with seven billion people, going on 10 or 12 billion. Given the footprint of the global economy and the current state of overconsumption, we need a new source of prosperity. And the reason that people won’t accept the idea of limits to growth is because they know subconsciously that it means depression.
So if we’re going to transition the global economy and survive as a species, we need to find ourselves a new source of prosperity—not just for humanity, but for all living beings. We need to figure out a way for humans to coexist on this planet and be prosperous however we define that. The traditional left-leaning etiology says, “We just need to redistribute wealth and everything will be good.” But it’s not that simple. We actually need an ongoing source of new prosperity, which is the way living systems work. And I believe with all my heart, and I’m dedicating my life to this idea, that if we can shift the human economy into alignment with these eight principles, or something that looks like these eight principles, we will unleash immense potential that we don’t know exists today.
On Regenerative Economy
Daniel Christian Wahl | I would love for you to reflect on why you think that bio-regional scale is important. How would you envision this new economic structure to be fractal—just like nature is in its dimension—in global trade and a global economy? How can we heal that global economy by re-regionalizing and re-localizing it?
John Fullerton | The idea of local is not a new one, but it does a disservice to the profound importance of this shift away from global and national to bio-regional. Bio-regional is a concept in which the geological facts that are not changing anytime soon—a river system, a mountain range, an ocean, a coastal plain—come into contact with human culture. So the context here is human economy and geological facts and the nature that they enable. And human culture comes into contact at a bio-regional scale. Wherever you live or wherever you call home, you can get a vision of what’s unique about that place that is different from other places. And if people have a choice, they tend to move to a place that is either what they know, because that’s where they grew up, or what they are attracted to for some almost spiritual reasons. Some people are attracted to mountains, some people are attracted to the ocean, etc.

To me, it is the sort of self-evident truth that it is where living human systems are grounded. And our global economy and our global capitalism and our pursuit of efficiency has run roughshod over that reality. And so even the idea of a nation state grew out of a different paradigm that has nothing to do with how do we operate in right relationship with this living planet.
If I try to operate on a global scale or national scale, it’s too much for me to hold in my head. Obviously, a tropical culture is going to feel very different than an Arctic culture, and an Arctic economy, but that’s why the qualities, or the patterns, are so important. And if you look at each of these places through a regenerative lens, you see these same qualities appearing in their own unique context. And so, I like to say every snowflake is unique, but every snowflake looks like a snowflake.
If someone wanted to write a Ph.D. thesis, they could write a paper or a book on thousands of bio-regional communities that are emergent and expressing these regenerative qualities. They’re all over the place. But the problem today is that they’re all largely diffused and disconnected and, therefore, “invisible,” to quote the mainstream.
This is my hope and dream. It may or may not be a good idea, but following Margaret Wheatley’s work, the way living systems take change to scale is through this networking, through scaling out and replication. And she’s got a brilliant little short paper she wrote with Deborah Frieze. And it talks about naming this thing. So we’re naming it “The Regenerative Communities Network.” We’re connecting it, making sure that these initiatives are in conversation with each other and that there’s shared learning happening. We’re illuminating it, to shine a light on the concept and the work. We’re telling stories about it, showing that it’s a thing, as opposed to a disparate group of projects. It’s actually one thing. And we’re nurturing it, feeding and caring for this initiative.
And here’s where capitalism comes back. Once capitalists understand that this is the future, understand that their current investments are at dire risk of collapse—the obvious example is in fossil fuels—the entire capital market paradigm is going to have to collapse, I’m afraid.
And so, capitalists will be looking for—to use old language—low risk, low return places to deploy capital, to create real value. The bio-regions will start exchanging with each other and then, before you know it, you’ve essentially reinvented capitalism. You’ve got a regenerative economy that’s operating at a bio-regional scale.
Bioregional Pathways to Regenerative Economies
Kosmos created this short video, based on the words of John Fullerton, to support and amplify the essential work of building resilient, regenerative bioregional economies.
The River That Flows Both Ways
A visit to the Hawthorne Valley Biodynamic Farm in Harlemville, New York, and a trip down to the Inwood Farmer’s Market in Manhattan illuminates the inextricable link between rural and urban Hudson Valley. Credits: Video produced by Creative Class 6. Song “Wide Eyes” by Quinn Murphy.

About John Fullerton
John Fullerton is the founder and president of Capital Institute, and a recognized New Economy thought leader and public speaker. He is also an active impact investor through his Level 3 Capital Advisors.
Previously, he was a managing director of JPMorgan where he managed multiple capital markets and derivatives businesses around the globe and then ran the venture investment activity of LabMorgan as Chief Investment Officer through the merger with Chase Manhattan Bank in 2001. John served as JPMorgan’s representative on the Long Term Capital Management Oversight Committee in 1997-98. He is a co-founder and director of holistic ranch management company Grasslands, LLC, a director of New Day Farms, Savory Institute, and the New Economy Coalition, a trustee of the V. Kahn Rasmussen Foundation, and an advisor to Armonia, LLC, the UNEP Finance Inquiry, and Richard Branson’s Business Leader’s initiative (“B Team”). In spring 2014, John was humbled to receive a nomination to the Club of Rome; he is now a full member.

About Daniel Christian Wahl
Between 2007 and 2010, Daniel was the director of Findhorn College based at the UN-Habitat Award-winning ecovillage in the north of Scotland. He now works independently as a consultant and educator with organizations like Gaia Education, Bioneers, the Clear Village Foundation, and the UNITAR training centre CIFAL Scotland. He is a member of the International Futures Forum and a fellow of the Royal Society for the encouragement of Arts, Manufactures and Commerce (RSA).
Covid-19 is a Symbol of a Much Deeper Infection
Covid-19 is a Symbol of a Much Deeper Infection
For almost twenty years I’ve been writing about an invisible, contagious death-creating virus that no one is immune to that has been insidiously spreading and replicating itself throughout the human species. This deadly disease is a virus of the mind—the Native Americans call it “wetiko”—that literally cultivates and feeds on fear and separation. A psycho-spiritual illness, it is a psychosis in the true sense of the word, “a sickness of the spirit.” The origin and medium of operations of the wetiko virus is none other than the human psyche. This mind-virus acts itself out through our blind-spots in such a way so as to hide itself from being seen – keeping us in the dark, so to speak. A collective psychosis, wetiko can be envisioned as “the bug” in the system that has been ravaging our species for as long as anyone can remember.
It is a true game-changer to recognize that the coronavirus is literally a materialization in our world—a REVELATION—of the immaterial and heretofore invisible wetiko virus that exists deep within the collective unconscious of humanity. This is to say that what is playing out in the Covid-19 pandemic (with all the various political, social and financial reactions to it in our world, as well as what it brings up inside of our minds) can help us to begin to see the deeper underlying and more dangerous wetiko pandemic—a collective psychological infection—that has been plaguing humanity from time immemorial.
Wetiko is a unique form of mind-blindness that renders us blind to our blindness (i.e., we don’t realize we are blind, but fancy ourselves as clear-seeing). Pointing at wetiko in its own unique way, The Gnostic Gospels says, “The darkness comes to anesthetize the intelligence and spread the cancer of mind blindness.” Seeing how the wetiko mind-virus surreptitiously works—both out in the world and especially within our own minds (which is the only place it can be confronted and potentially dissolved)—is its worst nightmare, for to see it takes away its raison d’etre, which is to perpetuate itself. Seeing wetiko simultaneously dispells its power over us while empowering ourselves. This is why healing the “cancer of mind blindness”—and seeing wetiko—is of such importance. Covid-19 could potentially be the lens that helps us bring into focus and see wetiko.
Multiple Vectors of Transmission
It is a limited and overly one-sided materialistic viewpoint which thinks that Covid-19 is solely a physical virus. Having multiple facets of operation and channels of influence, the virus is multi-dimensional in its impact – it is affecting our world in practically every way imaginable. Besides its obvious physical aspect, Covid-19 also has a psychological vector of transmitting itself into our minds (via our unconscious reactions of fear, stress, anxiety, etc.). The ‘mental’ vector of the virus spreads much more quickly, as it is exponentially more contagious than its biological counterpart, propagating itself through the channel of our shared unconscious blind-spots and fears. In other words, the contagion of fear—the fuel for the wetiko mind-virus that is being inflamed by Covid-19—spreads faster than any physical virus is able to.
Like an entity with many tentacles, in addition to its physical and mental components, Covid-19 also has an interpersonal, behavioral vector of transmission. In other words, in affecting our minds (and thus, how we think and feel), Covid-19 impacts our behavior, which in turn influences how we interact with each other and the world around us. This is to say that the virus deeply impacts the underlying social matrix that fashions human culture, leaving no stone unturned in its effects upon our world.
Like a multi-headed hydra, the virus has a countless legion of effects. In addition to making people physically sick, some of whom die, the virus makes people afraid, creates enormous stress, changes governmental policies around the world, impacts the financial markets, inspires power grabs and profiteering from all sorts of unsavory people and institutions, feeds into and provides a pretext for totalitarian agendas, affects how often we leave our homes, influences what we think about, where we place our attention, what we wear when we go out in public, transforms the way we interact with each other and renders our future completely uncertain, in that it might either destroy our civilization or herald in a new historical epoch. Covid-19 has so gotten into our heads that it has even intruded, in one form or another, into many people’s dreams.
Recognizing that Covid-19 has multiple vectors of transmission opens up our vision to begin to see how—just like a symbol in a dream—the virus is revealing something deeper than itself. Like wetiko, Covid-19 is a field phenomenon, which is to say it doesn’t exist as an isolated entity that independently exists on its own, walled off from the environment, but rather, it exists in relation to and as an expression of the field in which it arises. When we get right down to it, the boundary between where the virus ends and the world begins becomes indistinguishable.
Even though on one level Covid-19 is a physical virus that has seemingly invaded our world, being a field phenomenon means that all of its myriad effects and repercussions throughout every area of our lives are not separate from the virus itself. The virus has an energetic body that extends itself out into the world, and its effects in our world are its expression, the spore prints of its subtle body, so to speak. The irony is that the effect of the virus’ subtle body in our world are anything but subtle. Encoded within the physical pathogen are hidden catalysts that trigger us in ways that are beyond the merely physical.
In other words, the virus triggers reactions within the human psyche to itself, reactions which are not separate from the virus but are part of the virus’ “operational body” (i.e., how the virus surgically operates on us). Just like the rays of the sun are not separate from the sun, but are its energetic expression, all of the virus’ ripple effects into our world (and within our minds) are appendages of the virus’ nonlocal energetic body that are continuous and co-extensive with the virus itself. It greatly behooves us to step out of our dualistic mind-set, expand our limited and fragmented vision and see the actual true nature of the virus from a more wholistic perspective.
For example, if the moon’s reflection appears in the ocean, the image of its reflection in the water can’t be separated out from either the moon, the ocean or the mind that perceives the reflection – they are all part of one whole quantum system. The moon isn’t causing the reflection any more than the ocean (or our mind) is – all of these interrelated factors are interdependently reciprocally co-arising with each other so as to produce the resultant effect (the image of the moon’s reflection in water that is arising within our minds). To think of them as separate parts interacting with each other is a cognitive error preventing us from seeing the deeper whole system that is openly revealing itself through their shared interplay. Or think of the ocean’s waves – the ocean isn’t in any way separate from its waves, the waves are its unmediated expression. The ocean isn’t causing the waves, the waves aren’t the effect of the ocean – the waves ARE the ocean.
The myriad effects on our behavior that the virus has activated throughout human global society are based on our reactions—both conscious and unconscious—to its presence in our world. Our reactions are, in turn, mediated through and shaped by the human psyche, which is the medium of operations for wetiko. This points to that the wetiko mind-virus, at least in part, is influencing our reactions and hence, our behavior—both individually and collectively—to the physical virus. Similar to how at the quantum level—which is to say at the reality level—mind and matter interpenetrate each other so fully as to reveal themselves to be indivisible, the physical virus and the psychological virus are not two separate things interacting, but are inseparable aspects of a greater whole unified quantum field in which mind and matter are one.
In other words, when we contemplate the bio-chemical, physical virus under the microscope of our mind from a whole systems point of view, it becomes impossible to differentiate the physical virus from the psychological virus, as they both reciprocally feed into and off of each other – it is thus impossible to tell where one ends and the other begins. In in-forming and co-ordinating our unconscious reactions to Covid-19, the wetiko mind-virus is like the stage manager behind the scenes, influencing our psychological state and thereby orchestrating our behavior from beneath our conscious awareness. Cloaking itself under the cover of the global pandemic, the wetiko mind-virus is then able to materially incarnate—taking on physical form—into our world by influencing our internal reactions to the physical virus.
The effects of the virus on our world can only be separated out from the virus in thought only, which is to say that the idea that the virus is separate from its effects is just that—an idea—with no basis in reality. The idea that objects exist separate from their effects is an expression of the same unconscious conceptual blind-spot that spawns our sense of self that thinks it exists separate from others and the environment. At the quantum level there is no difference between what something is (its being) and what effects it has (its doing), which is to essentially replace the world of material substances with a world populated by actions, events and inseparable processes in ever-flowing or constant movement.
To view the virus from a whole systems point of view is to recognize that the virus and its eco-system (which in our case happens to be the whole planet) are one seamlessly interconnected whole quantum system with no separable parts anywhere to be found. This is to say that the virus and its myriad effects in our world and within our minds, when all seen together as interrelated aspects of a greater whole, are both literally and symbolically the revelation of something deeper. This something deeper is the wetiko mind-virus.
Topic of Topics
Imagine if we are somehow able to completely eradicate Covid-19 from the universe and life would return to “normal” and we would return to “business as usual.” We shouldn’t be under any illusions – the world we lived in prior to the advent of the coronavirus pandemic (“the good old days”) was a world gone mad, riddled through and through by wetiko psychosis. It was just easier to deny this, as our madness had become normalized. Wetiko had rendered us oblivious to our own madness, compelling us to act against our own best interests in a self-destructive way. It was a world, due to our wetiko-inspired madness, in which we were enacting collective suicide on a mass scale (for example, destroying the biosphere, the life support system of the planet), rushing as fast as we could towards our own self-destruction.
The emergence of the coronavirus into our world can be just another distraction from the deeper, more deadly wetiko mind-virus that has forever plagued our species, or it could be recognized to be the very revelation of this mind-virus, finally exposing it to the disinfecting light of day. How it actually manifests depends upon whether we recognize what it is potentially revealing to us or not.
It should get our attention that every person or group of people that have discovered wetiko (by whatever name we call it) unanimously consider it to be the most important topic (it has been called “the topic of topics”)—there’s not even any competition—to understand in our world today. Wetiko is at the very root of every crisis we face – climate change (including our lack of response, our confusion around the topic and the hidden agendas attached to it), the threat of nuclear war, social injustice, political malfeasance, financial corruption, endless war etc. Called by many different names throughout history, the spirit of wetiko renders every other issue secondary, for wetiko is the over-arching umbrella that contains, subsumes, informs and underlies every form of self-and-other destruction that our species is acting out seemingly uncontrollably in our world today on every scale. The less wetiko is recognized, however, the more seemingly powerful, and dangerous it becomes. If we don’t come to terms with what wetiko is revealing to us, however, nothing else will matter, as there will be no more human species.
Both the coronavirus and the wetiko virus share a similar evil genius as far as how they covertly operate. Just like a physical virus isn’t really alive by itself, but needs to hijack and colonize living cells to replicate itself in order to take on a semblance of life, the same is true for the wetiko mind-virus. Wetiko, like a vampire, can’t live on its own vital force, for it has none. Instead, it takes on a seeming life of its own through feeding on the fear and sense of separation it elicits in people. Once someone falls under wetiko’s deadly spell, they become the unwitting purveyors of this virus of the mind to the world.
In his recent article in Kosmos Journal, “Searching for the Anti-Virus: Covid-19 as Quantum Phenomenon,” Martin Winiecki writes, “Wetiko – often referred to as a mind virus – propagates the deep-seated illusion of seeing oneself desperately confined to the cage of a separated ego. From this perspective of isolation, others appear either as competitors or as prey. In a worldview in which fear is the basic condition, fight and exploitation seem rational, empathy ridiculous and sentimental…. Wetiko has numbed our hearts, blurring our ability to perceive both the sacredness and the pain of life, both outside and inside ourselves. Innumerable beings are perishing due to this chronic inability to feel empathy.” On one level our common enemy is Covid-19, but on a deeper level our shared adversary is our unconscious ignorance of our inter-connectedness with each other. It is this very ignorance and the fear that accompanies the physical virus that is the food for the wetiko mind-virus.
ME Disease
Before finding the name wetiko, I had been tracking this seeming entity and realized it was a self-perpetuating aberration of the human ego, so I called it “Malignant Egophrenia” (a.k.a., “ME disease”). The essence of ME disease is to mistakenly identify with a fictitious identity, a false version or imposter of ourselves, through which we become an impersonator of our true self (this is why wetiko is referred to as “the counterfeiting spirit” in The Apocryphal texts of The Bible). If we fall under the thrall of wetiko/ME disease, we unconsciously use the creative genius of our own mind to imprison ourselves into a limited, constricted identity in which we think—and compulsively recreate and endlessly reinforce the illusion—that we exist as a “separate self” that is alien to the rest of the universe. We then grasp onto this false identity, defending it at all costs, and yet, this “self” that we are protecting doesn’t even exist in the way we’ve been imagining it does. In essence, we are then investing—and wasting—our life-force in contracting against and obstructing our own light due to something that has no actual existence except in our imagination. This is simultaneously the cause and the effect of wetiko psychosis.
In this “self”-created and endlessly self-perpetuating process—which is both an expression of and results in not knowing who we truly are—we then try to find answers to our self-created problems that are the result of our disoriented viewpoint by looking outside of ourselves. This takes us away from both the source and solution of the problem, which is within ourselves. When this plays out not only within the individual, but collectively as a species, the whole thing becomes madness on an industrial scale, as we see evidenced all around us in the world today. The whole benighted project(ion) is not just sponsored by wetiko, it is the revelation of wetiko for those who have eyes to see.
I first learned about the word wetiko from Professor and indigenous author Jack Forbes in his classic book on wetiko called Columbus and Other Cannibals. Forbes writes, “For several thousands of years human beings have suffered from a plague, a disease worse than leprosy, a sickness worse than malaria, a malady much more terrible than smallpox…. Tragically, the history of the world for the past 2,000 years is, in great part, the story of the epidemiology of the wetiko disease…. This disease is the greatest epidemic sickness known to man.” In his foreword to Forbes’ book, author and environmental activist Derrick Jensen asks the question, “Why is the dominant culture so excruciatingly, relentlessly, insanely, genocidally, ecocidally, suicidally destructive?” Oftentimes, the most important thing is to ask the right question. Make no mistake, Jensen’s question is the right question. The idea of wetiko helps us get a handle on how to answer it. The idea of wetiko—with its new way of envisioning what is happening in our world—has a real benefit and utility, helping us wrap our minds around the current madness that is overtaking our planet.
Wetiko can be conceived of as being an evil, cannibalistic, vampiric spirit that inspires people under its sway to take and consume another’s resources and life-force energy solely for their own profit, without giving anything back of value from their own lives. Wetiko thus violates the sacred law of reciprocity in both human affairs and the natural world as a whole.
Forbes refers to wetiko as “the sickness of exploitation.” When people are infected with the wetiko-mind virus, instead of entering into relationship and sacred partnership with the world, they think of the world as an object separate from themselves to be used and exploited for their own benefit, a perspective which simultaneously turns them into objects as well. This results in them losing awareness of their inter-connectedness with the web of life. To quote Alnoor Ladha and Martin Kirk from their article called “Seeing Wetiko: On Capitalism, Mind Viruses, and Antidotes for a World in Transition, “Wetiko short-circuits the individual’s ability to see itself as an enmeshed and interdependent part of a balanced environment and raises the self-serving ego to supremacy.” It is thus particularly dangerous when those who are taken over by wetiko are in positions of power. To quote Forbes, “if we continue to allow the wetikos to define reality in their insane way we will never be able to resist or curtail the disease.”
Totalitarian Psychosis
Though unfamiliar with the indigenous name wetiko, C. G. Jung was well aware of this pathology, referring to it in many different ways (for example, oftentimes referring to the dangers of psychic epidemics, the germ of evil, totalitarian psychosis, imperialistic madness, counterfeiting spirits, powers of darkness, the demon of sickness, etc.). The spirit animating the wetiko mind-virus has been creatively symbolized in as many ways as can be imagined by many great artists, scientists, thinkers and philosophers, and certainly by every spiritual wisdom tradition known to humanity.
Like a cancer of the mind that metastasizes, in wetiko disease a pathological part of the psyche co-opts the healthy parts to collude in propagating itself while concurrently draining its host. When wetiko colonizes and commandeers the executive function of a psyche, it forms a “shadow government” of the psyche that dictates to the ego. If left unchecked—which means we don’t become conscious of the hostile takeover that’s happening within our minds—wetiko will transform us into one of its unwitting instruments to spread and replicate itself in our world. We then become made in the virus’ image – a zombie, one of the walking dead. What happens within an individual psyche that has fallen under the spell of wetiko can be a looking glass through which we can re-cognize how this mind-virus is acting itself out in the world at large, as both the microcosm (the individual) and macrocosm (our species) are reflective iterations and expressions of the same deeper fractal pattern.
The wetiko mind-virus has the unique ability to extend itself out into the external world where it is mysteriously able to influence, in-form and configure events in the outer, physical world so as to synchronistically reflect—and reveal—the internal state of the psyche that is under its thrall. This is to say that wetiko, though originating within the human psyche, reveals itself via the medium of the outside world. The world-wide coronavirus pandemic is reflecting—just like a dream, where the outer dreamscape is a symbolic expression of the inner state of the dreamer—an unconscious process that is happening deep within the human psyche.
One of Jung’s primary monikers for wetiko was “totalitarian psychosis.” The internal landscape of the wetiko-ridden psyche is mirrored in the external world, for example, through the disturbing and undeniable trend towards totalitarianism—both in the United States and around the world—with its ever-increasing centralization of power and control. When we are not in touch with our intrinsic creative power, the external power of the state is more than happy to pick up our unconscious agency for us and use it against us for its own ends. If we marginalize our own internal authority, we dream up external totalitarian forces to limit our freedom and create our experience for us, as we see throughout the world today. In other words, there is a direct and immediate correlation between what is going on inside of our psyche and how our experience of the world manifests.
Covid-19 as Symbol
In the coronavirus pandemic the formless spirit of the wetiko virus has taken on corporeal, full-bodied form and become visible. Analogous to the shadows on the wall of Plato’s cave, the physical outbreak of the coronavirus is like a lower-dimensional shadow projected into our world cast from an archetypal or higher-dimensional realm. Studying the shadow (the coronavirus pandemic) within its proper context—i.e., relative to what it is an emanation and re-presentation of—helps us begin to understand the deeper higher-dimensional process (the wetiko virus) that is revealing itself through the pandemic.
In his recent article, Winiecki asks, “What if Covid-19 weren’t a danger independent from our minds and souls … [something] we’ve collectively summoned into existence? An embodiment of something buried deeply in the realms of the collective subconscious that we haven’t, so far, been able to comprehend? A living symbol of a much deeper infection?” What if, as Winiecki suggests, we have unconsciously called forth and summoned—”dreamed up”—Covid-19 as a symbol to potentially reveal the much more dangerous underlying infection (wetiko) that exists within the collective unconscious of humanity that we as of yet haven’t been able to see because it is taking place deep within the dark depths of our unconscious. Symbols—which are an emanation of, and the doorway to, something deeper within us—are the language of dreams. It is notable that recognizing that the world is speaking symbolically (i.e., just like a dream) is the viewpoint that literally connects us with a more fundamental level of reality.
Winiecki wonders, “How has the specter of Covid-19 been able to haunt 7.5 billion people and bring the world to a standstill in no time at all? Because the narrative massively resonates with something latent that is both teeming and deeply suppressed in people’s subconscious.” Similar to how a symbol in a dream resonates with, speaks to and invokes something in the dreamer, it is not an accident the “specter of Covid-19” has been able to “haunt” humanity. It is only able to have this profound effect on us collectively because it is touching something that is alive and actively at work deep within our unconscious.
Winiecki’s article came out the same day that my article “Quantum Medicine for the Coronavirus” was released. This synchronicity got my attention; we were clearly thinking along similar lines. To quote Winiecki, “Much more than just a difficult trial for humanity, the Covid-19 outbreak also holds the possibility for collective healing from the predatory mass infection of Wetiko. We can make sense of it as a global somatization – or symbolic simulation – of the underlying wetiko disease.” In other words, Covid-19 is a symbolic yet also full-bodied re-presentation on the world stage of the underlying immaterial wetiko mind-virus that is playing out behind the scenes.
The paradox is that wetiko, in its mercurial and trickster-like aspect, uses and exploits the projective tendencies of our mind to hide itself, and yet, it is through its symbolic projections and emanations of itself into our world—such as the coronavirus—that it paradoxically discloses and reveals itself. And yet, even though wetiko is literally staring us in the face via Covid-19, this mind-virus induces a psychic blindness within us—an occlusion in and to our consciousness—such that we don’t recognize its revelation. Left unseen, wetiko wreaks untold havoc in our world. It can’t be emphasized enough – the beginning of the cure for wetiko is to see it.
It is not a question of trying to convince people that they are not seeing clearly—this rarely seems to work—it is more a question of teaching people the art of seeing. There is a way of “translating” our experience of the global pandemic—with all its multitudinous effects—so as to help us see the wetiko mind-virus that is at the root of the pandemic that, if left unseen, will continue in its devastating effects upon both our world and our minds. Jung spent his whole life arguing for the profundity of what he calls “symbolic awareness” – which is based on recognizing that this universe we live in is an unfolding revelation, a living oracle that is continually speaking symbolically, just like our dreams at night do. When seen as a living symbol of a much deeper infection, Covid-19 opens up both our eyes and our minds to see this deeper infection – the wetiko mind-virus.
Seeing wetiko instantaneously changes it, ourselves and everything else as well. Being a mind-virus, wetiko’s channel of operation is through our awareness, or lack thereof. When we become aware of wetiko, however, the light of our awareness neutralizes wetiko’s primary power over us, which derives from operating within the shadows of our mind outside of our awareness. Once we become aware of how this mind-virus affects our awareness, it can no longer work its black magic through our awareness in the same way. Of course, we have to continually cultivate a clear and mindful awareness capable of seeing wetiko’s malign influence so as to inoculate our own mind from this stealthy and continually shape-shifting plague of the mind. Our awareness of wetiko becomes the vaccination against the disease.
The Power of Dreaming to Our Rescue
Our night dreams—which are clearly a manifestation of the unconscious—can teach us how to proceed. When we are unconscious of something, the unconscious content will literally become symbolized and get “dreamed up” in our dreams again and again in a variety of (dis)guises (oftentimes in a series of recurring dreams), until we begin to recognize what the symbol is re-presenting and touching within us. In psychology speak, we can then own this content as belonging to us, integrating within ourselves what it is reflecting to us, thereby expanding our consciousness and enlarging our sense of self.
For example, when we are unaware of an unconscious content—such as the part of our mind that is under the thrall of wetiko—it hides in identification with us, or to say this differently, we become unconsciously identified with it. In other words, when we aren’t seeing wetiko, it has taken on our form such that it becomes the lens through which we see the world, which renders its existence invisible to us. People who are afflicted with wetiko have no idea there’s anything askew within them – wetiko inspires people under its spell to project their inner situation outwards and see the problem (as well as their own shadow) as being outside of themselves. Once we turn our attention away from the source of the problem, which is always within ourselves, however, this mind-virus can then act itself out through our blind-spots without restraint.
The good news is that when an inner, unconscious and destructive content of the psyche such as wetiko gets dreamed up and appears in the outer world in physical, objectified and encapsulated form—such as in its revelation of itself via the Covid-19 pandemic—something is becoming available to us that, if recognized, can free us from the tyrannical hold the previously unconscious content (wetiko) had on us. Once we become aware that the manifestation of the physical virus in our world is mirroring back to us a more fundamental underlying mental virus, we can self-reflectively put our attention on what within us is being reflected by the external virus. By doing so, the unconscious energy that was bound up (as if being held hostage) in the compulsive re-creation of the mind-virus becomes available to be channeled constructively and expressed creatively in a way that, instead of keeping us stuck, serves our individuation and continual evolution.
Realizing the correlation between the Covid-19 outbreak and the wetiko mind-virus is to begin to recognize the dreamlike nature of our predicament, where, just like a dream, our inner situation is actively mirrored by and reflected through the outer world. Recognizing the connection between the inner and outer dimensions of our experience sheds light on the crucial and active role that the psyche plays in the creation of our experience. Never before in all of human history has our species been forced to confront the numinous, world-transforming powers of the psyche on so vast a scale.
Recognizing the role of our psyche in all of this isn’t a passive realization, however, but, being a realization that takes place within the psyche itself, simultaneously activates and unlocks the very creative nature of the psyche that we are recognizing. In other words, this realization isn’t abstract, intellectual or theoretical, but rather, is a felt-sense that directly connects us with and helps us access the enormous creative power each of us—knowingly or unknowingly—carries within us. This insight by itself is just the beginning, however, for we are then called to carry and embody our inner realization into the outer world in our own uniquely creative way.
Our world has become surreal beyond belief. Who would have imagined—in their wildest dreams—that our world would have changed so dramatically in so short a time? In his recent article, Winiecki concludes, “if there’s one thing that Covid-19 has taught us, it is that dramatic shifts of collective behavior can actually occur overnight.” Seen through the eyes of symbolic awareness, Covid-19 reveals to us just how fluid, impermanent and malleable the underlying structures of our world are, as well as how unpredictable and dreamlike our ever-changing experience of the world really is. Seeing the dreamlike nature of our universe helps us to realize that it is not just the coronavirus that is revealing the more fundamental and dangerous wetiko mind-virus, but in addition, the entire universe is itself a continuous living revelation offering us everything we need in order to wake up, if only we have the eyes to see.
Click here to read the “short version” of this article at the author’s site.

About Paul Levy
A pioneer in the field of spiritual emergence, Paul Levy is a wounded healer in private practice, assisting others who are also awakening to the dreamlike nature of reality. He is the founder of the “Awakening in the Dream Community” in Portland, Oregon. Among his books are The Quantum Revelation: A Radical Synthesis of Science and Spirituality (SelectBooks, May 2018), Dispelling Wetiko: Breaking the Curse of Evil (North Atlantic Books, 2013), and the upcoming Seeing Wetiko: Healing Our Mind Blindness (Inner Tradition, Fall 2021). An artist, he is deeply steeped in the work of C. G. Jung, and has been a Tibetan Buddhist practitioner for over 35 years. He was the coordinator for the Portland PadmaSambhava Buddhist Center for over twenty years.
Civility and its Discontents
For proponents of civility, it is the best of times, it is the worst of times. Political discourse has become so vitriolic that many Americans have simply tuned out in disgust, a trendline that doesn’t bode well for democracy. And every day, it seems, a new civic dialogue initiative springs to life. At the same time, every day brings some fresh new horror—some new act of barbarism that assaults the humanity and safety of immigrants, women, and other marginalized groups of people. The tangible harm caused by such attacks, which are themselves acts of extreme incivility, makes acts of everyday incivility seem trivial by comparison. The topic of civility has become, ironically, a divisive issue among leftists. For its defenders, civility is the foundation of democracy because, without it, hearts and minds harden and become guarded and resistant to change. When politics is a shouting match in which each side lobs harshly worded truth bombs at the other, the participants are likely to dig in their heels while those watching from the sidelines cheer for their team or wince at their mean-spiritedness. Absent civility, we dehumanize our ideological adversaries, and our ability to share a nation with them disintegrates. For its detractors, civility is a standard of decorum enforced by the powerful in order to suppress dissenters and insulate themselves from harsh and inconvenient truths. Powerful people trying to avoid accountability flip the narrative so that they become the innocent victim of the actual victim’s “incivility.” Former South Carolina Governor Nikki Haley made a bad faith call for civility after her attempt to rehabilitate the Confederate Flag was roundly condemned. It is no doubt true that most powerful people would rather have a polite conversation—or none at all—than be confronted by angry critics, but this doesn’t answer what, for leftists, is the most urgent and important question: What style of communication is the most likely to create enduring progressive change and a harmonious society? When people do and say untrue or hateful things that hurt us and the people we love, there’s a very understandable inclination to want to lash back in kind. Humans have a retaliatory streak—it feels good and natural to punish wrongdoers. The carceral system is premised on this notion of retribution, with the state intervening to administer the punishment instead of allowing the victim to do so directly. But just because something feels good doesn’t mean it is good, nor does it necessarily result in a net gain for society. Putting someone in a cage may stop that person from harming people outside that cage, but imprisonment generates new forms of suffering—for the prisoner, their family and their community. Even prison guards risk having their own humanity and empathy diminished when their job duties call upon them to dominate and denigrate their charges. Humans have another side, one that yearns for interpersonal harmony, healing and redemption. It is this aspect of human nature that forms the basis for systems of restorative justice or “peacemaking” practiced by more than a hundred tribal courts and, increasingly, in public schools and the criminal justice system. Tribal peacemaking consultant Diane LaResche distinguishes the “sacred justice” philosophy of many North American Indigenous peoples from the Eurocentric revenge model that ends with one party having “won” and both viewing each other as bitter enemies. The processes are not argumentative or adversarial. Peacemaking involves deep listening, not defending, arguing, or forcing. In a just procedure, respect, politeness, and treatment with dignity are shown for all the people concerned in the conflict. Indian values and practices which are an integral part of peacemaking (such as cooperation, respect for the interdependence of all, respect for differing points of view, deep listening skills, generosity, the importance of healing broken relationships, and recognition of the importance of the whole person in a context beyond the immediate dilemma, service of others with humility and modesty, appreciation of kinship ties, patience, and sharing) strengthen communities. Under the Great Law of the Iroquois Confederacy, the use of force, including verbal force, is not permitted during tribal deliberations. Oren Lyons, Faithkeeper of the Turtle Clan of the Seneca Nations, explained, “When one member intrudes on another, we have a situation. We meet and just keep talking until there’s nothing left but the obvious truth, and both families agree to the solution.” The process is facilitated by chiefs who serve at the discretion of the people and are expected to be patient, fair, honest, calm, thick-skinned and unaggressive, even when they’re criticized or mistreated. Chiefs are valued for their ability to listen to, understand and respect other points of view (a far cry from political figureheads venerated for their ability to compose snarky tweets). According to Wanda McCaslin, the Indigenous Métis editor of Justice as Healing: Indigenous Ways, meaningful justice requires “bringing people together in thoughtful and sincere dialogue. She notes: Through the establishment of stronger bonds with each other, the nature of the harm and the underlying causes come to the forefront. This is the exact opposite of isolating and vilifying the person. Instead, by bringing people together in thoughtful and sincere dialogues, the community recognizes and is given an opportunity to be cognizant of the imbalances leading to the action and to participate in rebuilding a way forward. Indigenous healing processes is about engaging ways of how to be in good relationships with ourselves, our families and our communities. Especially when we harm and disagree with each other. We do not dismiss the harm doer as unwelcomed with little or no value. Instead, we work to bring people even closer into our circles of friends, family and community. We rely on our Indigenous traditions of language, law and customs to listen, assist and help bridge commonality and core values of respect, empathy and transformation. Indigenous Hawai’ians have a communication practice called ho’oponopono, in which participants commit at the outset to conduct themselves in the spirit of aloha or love. Anger is valued but “should not run unchecked or misdirected.” Robert Yazzie, Chief Justice Emeritus of the Navajo Nation, says that the traditional Navajo response to crime is to “talk the problem out with respect.” In his view, an offender is someone who doesn’t value relationships, and punishment does nothing to repair damaged interpersonal or community relationships, does nothing to help the victim, and does nothing to restore the peace. Peacemaking. The concept comes up again and again in the literature regarding Indigenous notions of restorative justice. It reflects a holistic philosophy of interconnectedness in which we harm ourselves and the entire society when we harm another. Resolving a conflict between two people or two clans restores peace and harmony to the entire community. It allows wrongdoers to redeem themselves by taking accountability and demonstrating remorse to the victim, their family and the broader community. The ultimate objective is healing, not retribution. There is, for many First Nations peoples, a respect for the inherent dignity of all persons, including the wrongdoer. People are not viewed dualistically as “good” or “wicked.” It is an imbalance or structural problem in the community that gives rise to bad behavior, and blaming and punishing the individual wrongdoer doesn’t get to the heart of the matter. This notion of justice as peacemaking has no corollary in the carceral system, nor is it often in evidence in the political arena. Legal and political proceedings are adversarial, with one side pitted against the other in a fight over who can be blamed, shamed and punished. Each side sees the other as the moral transgressor whose wickedness must be castigated. Punishment settles the score, if not quite an eye for an eye then at least the extraction of a pound or two of flesh. At the end of the verbal war, one side wins, perhaps with a modicum of justice served, but with the community still at war, the losers lying in wait to exact revenge. Contemptuous discourse follows the same logic of retribution. Someone who expresses a wrongheaded or offensive belief must be scolded, shamed, and punished. Such verbal abuse does not hold open the possibility of redemption and, thus, there is none. On the contrary, it sows the seeds for future conflict. A progressive who “owns” a “rabid right-winger” might enjoy fleeting gratification, and might be able to post the “epic smack down” on YouTube, but nothing else is achieved. They might walk away from the encounter thinking, “That’ll teach ‘em,” but, in reality, there is no learning, no restoration of relationships, no harmony, no aloha. We are dehumanized when we slip into hatred toward them…Our hatred for them is no better than their hatred for us. It’s the same hatred… If I go into that same delusion that we’re enemies, then I’m just as deluded as they are… When we remind them I’m not your enemy, I’m your friend, I’m your sister, your brother…affirming that we are family is very powerful and every time someone does this, the whole world shudders…the whole model of punitive “justice” starts to come apart at the seams and the whole understanding of eye for an eye and revenge is exposed for the nothingness that it is. Dialogue across the political divide often replicates the Eurocentric cycle of harm and revenge, but it doesn’t have to. When we speak to people who espouse beliefs we see as causing harm, we can lash back or, as the Buddhist monk and peace activist Thich Nhat Hanh, counsels, “Speak the truth but not to punish.” Hanh’s wisdom is spiritual, but it’s supported by social psychology research. At best, attempts to browbeat and shame people out of their bigotry are met with defensive resistance; at worst, they prompt people to double down in their faulty belief system and deepen their loyalty to the group of people who see things the same way, the people wearing MAGA hats. The head of Team MAGA is, of course, Trump. And what that means for liberals, progressives and anyone who wants to see Trump gone, is that every time we display contempt toward Trump and his supporters (especially the 23 million ambivalent ones capable of flipping), we push them deeper into his corner. “They” must band together against the common enemy of “us.” And if we, their enemy, think that climate change is an existential threat and that black lives matter and that Donald Trump is not fit for office, then the opposite must be true. Contempt, sarcasm and vitriol are verbal punishment. We mete out this punishment because we are so legitimately outraged, terrified, and heartbroken by what’s going on in this country. We’re bewildered and frustrated that anyone who is not a wealthy, white, straight, Christian man with a Groupon for Planet B would even consider voting for Trump. And instead of seeking to understand their motivations, we assume we know what moves them —they’re bigots!—and we berate them accordingly. Conservatives don’t enjoy being called racists, rabid right-wing nutjobs or Fox News dupes any more than a leftist warms to the wokety woke snowflake label. Why would you listen to someone who holds you in such low regard? And why would you bother conversing at all with someone who presumes you to be some combination of evil and stupid? Karen Nussbaum, founding director of Working America, AFL-CIO, and someone with a keen eye for how the Left is shooting itself in the foot, put it like this: If Democrats just want to keep piling on Trump, that will be the way to get Trump reelected…I suspect that for a lot of prosperous liberals, it [Trump’s reelection] wouldn’t be such a bad thing. For them, there’s an alternative to political victory: a utopia of scolding. Who needs to win elections when you can personally reestablish the rightful social order every day on Twitter and Facebook? When you can scold, and scold, and scold, and scold. That’s their future, and it’s a satisfying one: a finger wagging in some deplorable’s face, forever. Many leftists see the virtues in restorative justice but maintain that Trump supporters are deplorable sub-humans unworthy of anything but our scorn. Compassion is the enemy—wait, that’s Trump’s line. In a 1990 interview, Trump said of then-President Bush, “I disagree with him when he talks of a kinder, gentler America. I think if this country gets any kinder or gentler, it’s literally going to cease to exist.” Compassion and empathy are sometimes confused with agreement. To have empathy for someone who abuses drugs and neglects their children isn’t to say, yeah, great idea, keep it up, but rather to touch and feel the pain that led to drug use and the pain that any parent, even a neglectful one, experiences when they see how they’ve harmed their beloved children. A restorative justice system would find ways to help this family rather than lock up the parent. A restorative justice mindset can understand that two seemingly opposite things can be true at the same time—the parent is at once victim and perpetrator. What can be done to repair this parent and this family? How has society failed them? What can be done to repair the desperation or bewilderment or prejudice or fear or cynicism or greed or resentment that drove a voter into Trump’s arms? How has society failed them? We need not agree with or accept their reasoning, only understand it so that we can meet them where they’re at, not where we wish they were at. Beyond the strategic implications of bashing Trump supporters, our ability to continue as one nation, indivisible, is damaged. Much has been written about the ways in which Trump has sown divisiveness and stirred up hatreds that are finding outlet in acts of horrific violence. In addition, people on the Left who denigrate Trump supporters and conservatives, bear some responsibility for the divisiveness and polarization. I speak here not of acts of civil disobedience and direct action which are, I believe, indispensable tools of liberation that oppressors often try to discredit as “uncivil”; what I’m challenging is, more narrowly, a particular form of incivility that dehumanizes our opponents and our oppressors, be they ordinary Trump voters or Trump himself. I call this form of incivility “contempt,” a stylistic square peg in the round hole of human liberation from hatred, fear and divisiveness. Contempt is a blend of anger, disgust and superiority. Dishing out contempt feels good because it activates the brain’s reward center, but being on the receiving end feels horrible. When we register someone’s contempt for us, we experience anger and shame which, in turn, generate feelings of hostility and a desire to return the person’s contempt. This creates a retaliatory spiral of contempt and backlash contempt that ruptures relationships and fosters deep social, cultural and political divides. Unlike Indigenous restorative justice traditions, contempt is a form of Eurocentric punishment. But just as incarceration doesn’t deter crime and doesn’t heal communities and allow for learning and redemption, neither does disdain accomplish anything other than the fleeting gratification of seeing the deplorable get a rhetorical comeuppance. But even worse than accomplishing nothing, contempt often backfires. When leftists act as though we are woke and know it all, this superior attitude creates a polarized “them,” a pitifully unwoke tribe of know-nothings who are too gullible or privileged to grasp reality. Trump and Fox News personalities revel in this us-them polarization that binds conservatives and the far right together against the common enemy—politically correct bullies they see as more invested in scolding deplorables than in building a better world. Trump and his base may not, in your view, “deserve” to be treated with civility, but the question of who deserves or doesn’t deserve civility is less important than the more holistic question of what creates more social good—civility or incivility? The avenger asks, “What punishment does this bad person deserve?” The restorative justice proponent asks, “What form of treatment of this person will make for a better society?” Feminist philosopher Amy Olberding makes a crucial observation in her brilliant 20 Theses Regarding Civility: Taking a wrecking ball to civility to help the downtrodden or oppressed is not always or automatically helpful. The oppressed already suffer much more from incivility than you do. Wielding incivility on behalf of the oppressed risks more widely normalizing incivility as a general mode of interaction. And, let’s face it, a world in which people uncivilly say exactly what they think will be a world that may well (and almost certainly will) go harder for the oppressed. It’s tempting to lash out at bigots, but doing so creates huge risks for the oppressed communities upon whom the bigot will retaliate. We can speak the truth without punishing and doing so is, I believe, the true meaning of civility. We can tell people what we believe and value and why, what experiences we’ve had that led us to see the world differently than they do, what data we’re relying on and why we trust it. We can tell people how certain beliefs and policies hurt us and the people we love. We can tell them what we expect our candidate-of-choice will do as president and why we see that yielding a better outcome than what Trump has in store. We can say all of these things without being condescending, self-righteous or abusive and without damaging our relationship with them. My own truth, my highest good, does not involve belittling and ridiculing my opponents, even when they’re so profoundly wrong as to have embraced white nationalism or other ideologies of hate. People are more than the worst thing they’ve ever thought or done, and nothing is gained when I treat someone with deplorable beliefs as deplorable. The Left (and the Right) is engaged in an internal performative outrage arms race in which we measure our morality by the intensity of our disdain. By “performative,” I mean expressions of outrage that exceed the intensity of one’s genuine feeling and are undertaken for the sake of signaling one’s moral worth to their tribe so that they can be leaders or, at least, members in good standing. The performative outrage arms race keeps many of us engaging in greater and greater feats of incivility in order to avoid being seen as lacking in sufficient moral rectitude. Such incivility ends with everyone walking around bearing deep grudges against each other. The deeper the grudge, the less likely someone is to hear how others are suffering and take accountability for what role they might be playing in causing that suffering. The deeper the divisiveness, the more vulnerable we are to aggressive leaders who rise to power on the promise of punishing those on the losing side. Meanwhile, if we’re not careful, “Winners can lose what winning was for,” as the poet and conscientious objector William Stafford wrote. To adhere to civility is to be a conscientious objector to verbal warfare, lest the war of words become a fight to the death. Civility is the best way to treat political winners and losers. It gives us more power to speak hard truths to people with whom, like it or not, we share a country and a future, and with whom we will eventually trade places in the eternal wheelhouse of political struggle. Sources: Wanda D. McCaslin, Ed., Justice as Healing, Living Justice Press, 2005. Juliana E. Okulski , “Complex Adaptive Peacemaking: How Systems Theory Reveals Advantages of Traditional Tribal Dispute Resolution.” American Indian Law Journal, Vol. 5, Issue 1, 1/24/17. Jerry Mander, In the Absence of the Sacred, Sierra Club Books, 1992. Erica Etelson is a resistance activist, mutual aid organizer and the author of Beyond Contempt: How Liberals Can Communicate Across the Great Divide (New Society Publishers, 2020). A former human rights attorney, she has represented indigenous land sovereignty leaders, welfare recipients, and enivronmental activists. Civility and its Discontents
I speak here not of acts of civil disobedience and direct action which are, I believe, indispensable tools of liberation that oppressors often try to discredit as “uncivil”; what I’m challenging is, more narrowly, a particular form of incivility that dehumanizes our opponents and our oppressors, be they ordinary Trump voters or Trump himself. I call this form of incivility “contempt,” a stylistic square peg in the round hole of human liberation from hatred, fear and divisiveness.


Diné (Navajo) land and water protector and poet Lyla June Johnston, co-founder of the Taos Peace and Reconciliation Council, notes the contradiction between Indigenous reverence for life and hating the oppressors:


About Erica Etelson
Wisdom from the Flood
Wisdom from the Flood
Every year Bangladesh is flooded. In 1995, the exceptional water level covered a great part of the territory, and totally cut some islands off from the rest of the country. At this time I was assigned to Bangladesh as a European Union official in charge of developmental issues. We had received an emergency request for aid from the government, and I was tasked to assess the situation in faraway territories. With the representative of a European NGO (Non Governmental Organization), we decided to visit islands where we knew huge populations were in total distress, with no possibility to face the current challenges faced with the flooding. We decided to go to Bohla island at the edge of human settlement.
From our hired seaplane we could see the magnitude of the disaster: 500,000 people had become homeless (out of a population of 1.7 million) as this part of Bangladesh is only 1.8 meter above ocean level at its most elevated point. We chose to ‘land’ in the extreme south of the island, a very remote place.
At first there were not many people in sight and then, within minutes, hundreds of them were looking at the plane from the shore – it was very probably the first time they had seen a seaplane. We were warmly welcomed by the head of local administration, and set off by rickshaw. We walked for 45 minutes, soon coming to a place where flat boats were waiting for us. One man told me “You are the first white man to come here.” I did not know what to think and did not answer.
All the houses were underwater. Inside, their inhabitants had built raised floors at a 1.5 metre height. A woman told me she had been living in such conditions with her three children and one goat for two weeks.

People walked everywhere in water. We arrived at our destination, a small village where people lived in total inactivity caused by the flood waters. As the guest of honour I was offered a chair and invited to sit with my feet literally under 30 cm of water.
The village chief was an old, proud man and we started to talk. He described their extreme living conditions, so much worsened during floods, but throughout the year with an everyday life of insecurity caused by local thugs attacking people in harvesting time, and a colossal loss of land due to erosion. I listened to him and asked him “Chief, tell me what you most need here under the current situation?” I obviously had in mind that the EU as a big donor could bring in emergency aid like foodstuffs, oil, blankets and construction materials.
The chief looked at me. then quietly answered.
We need peace on Earth.
I had difficulty to breathe, as I had in my mind our available resources and the corresponding finance we could offer. This extraordinary answer cornered me in my Western logics of development and aid to poor people. I was assuming that nothing happens unless we make it happen, and that everything that is good must be seen as a result of our effort and intervention. Once again, people who had nothing and were facing incredible obstacles would give me a lesson of simplicity, humility and wisdom.
This old man put another stone paving the way towards an unknown destination for me, further nurturing my gratitude. Many, many people accompanied us to the plane, and it was difficult to lift the mooring line. From the little window of the seaplane, as we gained altitude, I could see so many faces and hands waving to us. I was touched and could feel their collective energy.
Twenty-five years later, I still have this vivid memory of hope and compassion in the face of insurmountable obstacles.

About Alain Ruche
A Belgian citizen and now a retired EU senior official, he began his career with the UN and the World Bank, then worked for nearly three decades at the EU External Service, with assignments in four continents. In recent years Alain has focused on complexity and how to look at things from another angle, including the role of artists for social change. A fellow of Salzburg Global Seminar, a member of the Club of Rome (EU Chapter), a Global Ambassador of Kosmos Journal, and a TEDx speaker. He is also a long standing practitioner of collective intelligence techniques.
Weeding the Labyrinth
Weeding the Labyrinth
Weeding the Labyrinth
Hypatia-in-the-Woods, Shelton, WA
June, and the air smells of rotting logs, wet and fecund
like beginnings and endings, with nothing between.
Buttercups have taken hold on the loamy path,
narrowing the trail with their runners.
It’s hard to yank them out, their cheerful innocence
and shiny petals that smell of sunshine.
The taproots of dandelions are entrenched, like grass
that has crossed over from lawn to weed.
I bend to my task, now digging out plantain
with my fingernails—sole of the foot in Latin—
and pearlwort with splayed stems, a mandala
encompassing the world.
Hidden in the forest, a woodpecker drills holes
into a dead tree trunk where insects have taken refuge.
I gather pinecones shuttled onto the path by wind, toss
them outside the labyrinth beneath their mother tree.
This is the work of poets and gardeners:
clearing the path for others
moving steadily, but circuitously
toward the center of the labyrinth—
nothing but weeds in our hands.

About Margaret Chula
Margaret Chula has published twelve collections of poetry – most recently, One Last Scherzo. A featured speaker and workshop leader, she has also served as president of the Tanka Society of America and as Poet Laureate for Friends of Chamber Music. Living in Kyoto for twelve years, she now makes her home in Portland, Oregon, where she hikes, gardens, and creates flower arrangements for every room of the house. Visit her at: www.margaretchula.com
A Letter to Herman Creek Canyon
A Letter to Herman Creek Canyon
Photos by the Author
A calmness seeps through charred trees, and I am reminded of the Japanese word shibui which recalls “the beauty revealed by the passage of time.” Nothing lasts. Nothing is perfect. It’s been a couple of years since I’ve been with you and your change is extreme. Incinerated by flames on Hades’ wild torch, you’re stripped and lifeless, all cracks and edges. The frozen pale path that switchbacks the canyon wall feels like an edifice of life vanquished.
Exquisite in your cold, naked beauty, you are statuesque and stunning in this mid-winter Sun. Now that ferns and emerald salal are gone, there is no softness in you. Gone too are the rotting logs that slouched under the feathery fir seedlings. How was it for you when the fire tore through? Were there screams? I have heard the cougar scream and the call of a frightened deer. I’ve seen coyotes run and squirrels leap across limb roads. Was it like that here when the Douglas firs sizzled and snapped, and sparks formed fiery tornadoes that whirled off into the wind? When the nests burned, did the crows cry out their losses of home? And what about the snakes on burning bellies and the fate of fluttering butterflies? How was it to stand witness to the devastation?
Now, one year after the fire, the black trees stand tall and straight like up-ended caskets in a crowded morgue. Holes filled with charcoal have replaced your ancient stumps that housed the forest’s tiniest creatures. Ash gray boulders the size of SUVs lie broken and unanchored on bare slopes. Gone are the scolding squirrels, the squawking crows, and the intense woodpecker banging his bill. Gone is the scree of the red-tailed hawk and the owl’s calling in the night. And gone too is the litter of leaves and limbs that cushioned my footfall and nourished the mushrooms and mycelia.
You are naked here, my love, and I admit there is beauty in your bones that I had not seen before. I stop at each switchback to admire your glamorous creek that hurls diamonds and glittering sheets of gauze into the stark unobstructed forest. There’s beauty here like a Stieglitz photograph: chiseled lines and silver reflections on tendrils of fog threading through the cadavers. Shards of winter Sun spotlight your high cascade that splits and splashes and overflows its banks and floats like a bridal train from a place in the clouds.
I must admit, I knelt to kiss you, and I was reminded there is beauty in all the varied spectra of life—from birth to death, imperfection to perfection, ugliness to elegance. There, in the center of the charred sword fern rosette, was a spot of green and next to it an emerging salal leaf. I was witness to sage-green and burnt-orange lichens on a gray rock and, in places near the creek, tiny sprouts emerged from charred mosses. You’re going to be okay. After a year in a coma, you’re showing signs of life and I am witness to your resilience. The resurrection has begun.

About Ruth Lizotte
Ruth Lizotte, a former K-8 school teacher and organic farmer, lived most of her adult life on a 50-acre farm in Oregon’s Willamette Valley. She raised sheep for meat and wool and had a large vegetable garden. Ruth’s classrooms were filled with living and nonliving things that helped her students better understand their subject matter.
Now retired, Ruth lives in a small apartment in NE Portland and spends much of her time hiking the beautiful Northwest forests and volunteering with Friends of the Columbia River Gorge, where she leads school groups and helps with service projects. When the Eagle Creek fire raged in 2017, Ruth mourned the loss of wildlife habitat and her forest home. When the trails reopened a year later, she was one of the first hikers to return. That hike was the inspiration for “Letter to Herman Creek.”
Rebuilding Earth's Forest Corridors
Rebuilding Earth’s Forest Corridors
“Islands are where species go to die.”
When I first heard that David Quammen quote, I thought of Darwin and the Galapagos Islands, and of Australia and other places where evolution had cruelly terminated entire species and developed others along sometimes strange and bizarre paths. It made sense that these effects were all due to extreme isolation.
I had no idea then that I would one day be concerned that we are also creating islands everywhere we develop and contributing to the destruction and mutation of species all around us. As far as nature is concerned, an island need not be a land mass surrounded by water. It can simply be a city block.
Nature tends to live in ribbons—the forest corridor, the mountain range, the coastline, and the winding river. Any ecosystem that is disconnected from similar (or different) ecosystems will eventually die. Any ecosystem separated by a boundary from the ecosystems around it exists as an island, and the effects are the same. England successfully addressed this issue in the mid-twentieth century with greenbelts. Queen Elizabeth I created the first greenbelt around London in 1580. She envisioned a three-mile-wide parkland band around the city to stop the plague from entering London, but it was never fully realized. Modern UK greenbelt policies date to the Town and Country Planning Act of 1947, which allowed local authorities to include greenbelts in town plans. Today about 13% of England’s total land area is designated as greenbelt. The greenbelt was England’s response to rapid urbanization and population growth resulting from industrialization. It is still a very effective antidote to urban sprawl and the industrial erosion of quality of life.

As our world moves toward higher populations everywhere, we would all do well to consider this innovative example of good planning. Even where land seems abundant, as it does in North and South America, we would still be wise to work within natural patterns. For countless generations we designed and built in tune with our Earth. But ever since the industrial revolution, we have become increasingly invested in the “grid” and in the orderly control of natural features. Unfortunately, our block grid systems create islands that defeat the interconnected energies of ecosystems and the biomes they are part of.
In land development, we always speak first of a site or a lot. In our minds, we envision the legal parcel that we are dealing with. It comes with boundaries that are artificial and typically have little or no relationship to the physical qualities of the land, both within and beyond those boundaries. Through our terminology we abstract the idea of the earth, and of the dirt and terrain we are dealing with. If that was as far as it went, it might be all right, because it serves the legal and financial worlds that are so tied in to our development industry.
But we unfortunately take it further.
If we are developing a site, we often reinforce its boundaries with roads, sidewalks, foundation walls, and other physical barriers. The bounded site, regardless of how well it is treed and planted by us, can become an ecological island, and it will trend toward failure over time.

Waterways and Forest Corridors
Let’s look at trees.
We plant them because we love trees; they provide shade, clean and oxygenate the air, filter the sunlight, and rustle in the wind. Many varieties flower in the spring and shower us with blossoms. We all love trees. But we don’t always understand what they really need to thrive. First, they obviously need water. But they also need something else.
Nature depends on all its members for its strength.
A separated tree will often weaken or die because it is not protected from the wind. Most trees will need a connected tree canopy and root system for them to be able to thrive. They also serve as a canopy connector for the myriad members of the insect, bird, and small-mammal worlds that travel across their branches, moving from tree to tree.
Trees not connected to each other at the canopy and root levels can become susceptible to disease and pests. We have to fertilize them. We have to spray them with pesticides. More importantly, when trees are not connected at the canopy and root levels, they do not support a vibrant ecosystem at all, and we are eventually left with barren spaces.
When we break a line of trees so that the canopy and roots cannot touch across a road, or a lane, or even a park, we have crippled the forest as an effective ecosystem and left each tree as a lone survivor that may not thrive, may not propagate, and will fail to support the larger biome as it is designed to do.

In many cities we are now looking at planting one tree per person, which is a laudable goal. But we must remember to plant the trees where they can begin to re-create the forest corridors we have removed and disrupted.
It can be difficult to visualize where forests grew before the city. Using satellite imagery, we can now trace the outline of previously forested areas. They show as darker areas on the satellite image. If we restore trees along these corridors, they have a much greater chance of thriving. Old forest corridors are always above underground waterways, and they source the subsurface water through their root systems. Ignoring the natural feature of the old forests wastes an opportunity to more easily restore a partial ecosystem, with all the intrinsic benefits its trees bring to us. Furthermore, establishing trees above subsurface water increases their drought resilience.
Too often we think of the city and the country, or the woods, as separate. Good land management respects the intertwined quality of the relationship. I prefer to use the word stewardship when referring to land-management practices, because I think it reflects the intergenerational quality of the effort required. When we speak of the country or the woods near our cities, we now refer to the wildland-urban interface (WUI). Wherever urban development abuts a wildland, we have a WUI. Modern stewardship practices are evolving to restore the health of these wildlands. Proper wildland stewardship, including increasing drought resilience and the regular clearing of brush and dead wood, reduces the risk of uncontrolled wildfires. But until their health is restored, these WUI zones are where we will continue to see wildfires encroaching into urban areas.
Wildfires in the western United States occur nearly four times more often today than they did in the 1980s. They threaten lives, increase local air pollution, and put areas at risk of flash floods when the rains do come.
Satellite-based fire maps of the world show natural seasonal burning patterns like the summer fires in Canadian boreal forests. These images also show unnatural man-made fires like the August–October Amazon rainforest burns and the Africa and Southeast Asia agricultural burning during the dry season. Such burning always results in thick smog over the broader region. The Indonesian fires are so bad that Singaporeans hundreds of kilometers away are often forced to take refuge indoors for weeks until the burning season is over.
Unfortunately, natural burning patterns have been disrupted. When residents don’t allow controlled burns through the forest understory, fuels build every year. Wildfire risks are exacerbated when we disallow proper wildland stewardship practices at urban boundaries. Without proper WUI guidelines in place, and special building codes for these high-hazard areas, the harm will continue. WUI guidelines include reducing fuel by clearing out bush, increasing drought tolerance of wildlands, and building noncombustible construction with good water supply for sprinklering. It is time-consuming and costly to develop and implement WUI guidelines and codes. These WUI guidelines and codes are new to our industry, and we can’t implement them fast enough! Canadian, American, European, and Australian wildfires of recent years have been terrifying and far more costly than preventative measures might have been.

Up close and personal, a firestorm’s real psychological effects on a community are devastating. I was in Edmonton for a board meeting while the 2016 Fort McMurray fires were burning. When I arrived, my hotel was full of children in pajamas and adults with nothing but the clothes on their backs, all forced to flee their homes in the middle of the night. The children had lanyards around their necks identifying them as they ran around the hotel lobby. The parents sat in the restaurant, many without wallets or identification. I gave up my room and stayed at the CEO’s home so one more family would have beds. I flew home sitting next to a thirty-five-year-old woman and her sixty-five-year-old father. They smelled of smoke. They showed me pictures they managed to take of the wildfire as it came down their street. Literally a towering inferno, it destroyed everything in its path, including their home. They were very lucky to escape alive. They planned to stay with family in Vancouver but were in shock, with no idea of how they would ever be able to pick up their lives again.
It was heartbreaking.
The fires we see now are so extreme they are called “mega-fires” and “firestorms” by firefighters, who live in fear of them because they are so often powerless to stop them. A recent study by the University of Leicester determined that wildfires are most likely to occur at the wildland-urban interface when wise forest and wildland stewardship practices are abandoned.
Trees, and the ecosystems and biomes they support, are critical to our survival. Thinking in terms of isolated “sites” and “lots” makes it very difficult for us to rethink things around forest corridors and greenbelts. We must stop trapping trees in isolated “grid-islands,” for their health and our own. We should plant trees in the forest corridors they belong in, connecting their roots and canopies. It is essential that we broaden our understanding of the forest biome and the stewardship it requires, especially at the urban-wildland boundaries.
When properly employed, trees reduce the heating effect of city asphalt. Trees can also reduce rates of respiratory ailments in polluted areas. They shade buildings directly and reduce the energy requirements for cooling. Trees make urban areas more bearable and pleasant, providing visual stimulation and, like the campfire, draw our eyes and calm our mental processes. The roots of trees aerate the soil and fertilize it, creating a subsurface ecosystem.
We need to understand how to protect them.
From Rebuilding Earth: Designing Ecoconscious Habitats for Humans by Teresa Coady, published by North Atlantic Books, copyright © 2020 by Teresa Coady. Reprinted by permission of publisher.

About Teresa Coady
Teresa Coady is an award-winning architect and Fellow of the Royal Architectural Institute of Canada. She received the YWCA Women of Distinction Award in 1999 and the RBC Canadian Women Entrepreneur Award in 2008. She resides with her family in Vancouver.














